21. differences between Canadian and United States generally accepted accounting principles
Summary schedules and review of differences between Canadian and United States generally accepted accounting principles as they apply to the Company
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Canadian GAAP. The principles adopted in these financial statements conform in all material respects to those generally accepted in the United States except as summarized below. Significant differences between Canadian GAAP and U.S. GAAP would have the following effect on reported net income of the Company:
In order to view elements of this site, you need to activate JavaScript and have Adobe Flash Player installed on your computer.
You can download the latest Flash Player for free from Adobe's website.
The following is an analysis of retained earnings (deficit) reflecting the application of U.S. GAAP:
In order to view elements of this site, you need to activate JavaScript and have Adobe Flash Player installed on your computer.
You can download the latest Flash Player for free from Adobe's website.
The following is an analysis of major balance sheet categories reflecting the application of U.S. GAAP:
In order to view elements of this site, you need to activate JavaScript and have Adobe Flash Player installed on your computer.
You can download the latest Flash Player for free from Adobe's website.
The following is a reconciliation of shareholders' equity incorporating the differences between Canadian and U.S. GAAP:
In order to view elements of this site, you need to activate JavaScript and have Adobe Flash Player installed on your computer.
You can download the latest Flash Player for free from Adobe's website.
(a) Merger of BC TELECOM and TELUS
The business combination between BC TELECOM and TELUS Corporation (renamed TELUS Holdings Inc., which was wound up June 1, 2001) was accounted for using the pooling of interests method under Canadian GAAP. Under Canadian GAAP, the application of the pooling of interests method of accounting for the merger of BC TELECOM and TELUS Holdings Inc. resulted in a restatement of prior periods as if the two companies had always been combined. Under U.S. GAAP, the merger is accounted for using the purchase method. Use of the purchase method results in TELUS (TELUS Holdings Inc.) being acquired by BC TELECOM for $4,662.4 million (including merger related costs of $51.9 million) effective January 31, 1999.
(b) Operating expenses – Operations
Future employee benefits: Under U.S. GAAP, TELUS' future employee benefit assets and obligations have been recorded at their fair values on acquisition. Accounting for future employee benefits under Canadian GAAP changed to become more consistent with U.S. GAAP effective January 1, 2000. Canadian GAAP provides that the transitional balances can be accounted for prospectively. Therefore, to conform to U.S. GAAP, the amortization of the transitional amount needs to be removed from the future employee benefit expense.
Effective as of the end of the first year ending after December 15, 2006, U.S. GAAP requires the full recognition of obligations associated with its employee future benefit plans as prescribed by Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 158, Employers' Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and other Postretirement Plans. Applying this standard, the funded status of the Company's plans is shown gross on the consolidated balance sheets and the difference between the net funded plan status and the net accrued benefit asset or liability is included as a component of other comprehensive income. Retrospective application of this standard is not permitted. The effect on the December 31, 2006, U.S. GAAP statement of financial position is set out in the following table.
In order to view elements of this site, you need to activate JavaScript and have Adobe Flash Player installed on your computer.
You can download the latest Flash Player for free from Adobe's website.
Share-based compensation: Effective January 1, 2004, Canadian GAAP required the adoption of the fair value method of accounting for share-based compensation for awards made after 2001. The Canadian GAAP disclosures for share-based compensation awards are set out in Note 11.
Effective January 1, 2006, U.S. GAAP required the adoption of the fair value method of accounting for share-based compensation for awards made after 1994. Prior to the adoption of the fair value method of accounting, the intrinsic value based method was used to account for share option awards granted to employees. The Company has selected the modified-retrospective transition method and such method results in share option award expense being recognized in net income in accordance with U.S. GAAP in fiscal years prior to 2006. The share option award expense that is recognized in fiscal years subsequent to 2005 is in respect of share option awards granted after 1994 and vesting in fiscal periods subsequent to 2005.
As the Company has selected the modified-retrospective transition method, it must disclose the impact on net income in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and net income in accordance with U.S. GAAP per Common Share and Non-Voting Share, as if the fair value based method of accounting for the share-based compensation had been applied in the comparative period.
On a prospective basis, commencing January 1, 2006, this will result in there no longer being a difference between Canadian GAAP and U.S. GAAP share-based compensation expense recognized in the results of operations arising from current share-based compensation awards accounted for as equity instruments. As share option awards granted subsequent to 1994 and prior to 2002 are captured by U.S. GAAP, but are not captured by Canadian GAAP, differences in shareholders' equity accounts arising from these awards will continue.
The application of the modified-retrospective transition method had the following effect on comparative net income amounts presented:
In order to view elements of this site, you need to activate JavaScript and have Adobe Flash Player installed on your computer.
You can download the latest Flash Player for free from Adobe's website.
To reflect the fair value of share option awards granted subsequent to 1994, and vesting prior to 2006, certain components of shareholders' equity, reflecting the application of U.S. GAAP, as at December 31, 2005, have been restated as follows:
In order to view elements of this site, you need to activate JavaScript and have Adobe Flash Player installed on your computer.
You can download the latest Flash Player for free from Adobe's website.
To reflect the fair value of share option awards granted subsequent to 1994, and vesting prior to 2005, certain components of shareholders' equity, reflecting the application of U.S. GAAP, as at December 31, 2004, have been restated as follows:
In order to view elements of this site, you need to activate JavaScript and have Adobe Flash Player installed on your computer.
You can download the latest Flash Player for free from Adobe's website.
Subsequent to December 31, 2006, the Company amended substantially all of its share option awards that were granted prior to January 1, 2005, and which were outstanding on January 1, 2007, by adding a net-cash settlement feature; the optionee has the choice of exercising the net-cash settlement feature. The result of such amendment is that the affected outstanding share option awards largely take on the characteristics of liability instruments rather than equity instruments; the minimum expense recognized for the affected share option awards will be their grant-date fair values. Under U.S. GAAP, the grant-date fair values of affected outstanding share option awards granted subsequent to 1994 affect the transitional amount whereas Canadian GAAP only considers grant-date fair values for affected outstanding share option awards granted subsequent to 2001.
The consolidated statement of income transitional effect (an expense increase) of such amendment, reflecting the application of U.S. GAAP and vesting as at December 31, 2006, and which is expected to be recorded in the first quarter of 2007, is as follows:
In order to view elements of this site, you need to activate JavaScript and have Adobe Flash Player installed on your computer.
You can download the latest Flash Player for free from Adobe's website.
Had such amendment occurred immediately prior to January 1, 2007, certain line items of the Company's December 31, 2006, Consolidated Balance Sheet, reflecting the application of U.S. GAAP, would have been adjusted as follows to reflect the transitional effect:
In order to view elements of this site, you need to activate JavaScript and have Adobe Flash Player installed on your computer.
You can download the latest Flash Player for free from Adobe's website.
(c) Operating expenses – Amortization of intangible assets
As TELUS' intangible assets on acquisition have been recorded at their fair value (see (a)), amortization of such assets, other than for those with indefinite lives, needs to be included under U.S. GAAP; consistent with prior years, amortization is calculated using the straight-line method.
The incremental amounts recorded as intangible assets arising from the TELUS acquisition above are as follows:
In order to view elements of this site, you need to activate JavaScript and have Adobe Flash Player installed on your computer.
You can download the latest Flash Player for free from Adobe's website.
Estimated aggregate amortization expense for intangible assets subject to amortization, calculated upon such assets held as at December 31, 2006, for each of the next five fiscal years is as follows:
In order to view elements of this site, you need to activate JavaScript and have Adobe Flash Player installed on your computer.
You can download the latest Flash Player for free from Adobe's website.
(d) Goodwill
Merger of BC TELECOM and TELUS: Under the purchase method of accounting, TELUS' assets and liabilities at acquisition (see (a)) have been recorded at their fair values with the excess purchase price being allocated to goodwill in the amount of $403.1 million. Commencing January 1, 2002, rather than being systematically amortized, the carrying value of goodwill is periodically tested for impairment.
Additional goodwill on Clearnet purchase: Under U.S. GAAP, shares issued by the acquirer to effect an acquisition are measured at the date the acquisition was announced; however, under Canadian GAAP, at the time the transaction took place, shares issued to effect an acquisition were measured at the transaction date. This results in the purchase price under U.S. GAAP being $131.4 million higher than under Canadian GAAP. The resulting difference is assigned to goodwill. Commencing January 1, 2002, rather than being systematically amortized, the carrying value of goodwill is periodically tested for impairment.
(e) Financing costs
Merger of BC TELECOM and TELUS: Under the purchase method, TELUS' long-term debt on acquisition has been recorded at its fair value rather than at its underlying cost (book value) to TELUS. Therefore, interest expense calculated on the debt based on fair values at the date of acquisition under U.S. GAAP will be different from TELUS' interest expense based on underlying cost (book value). As of December 31, 2005, the amortization of this difference had been completed.
(f) Accounting for derivatives
Under U.S. GAAP, all derivatives need to be recognized as either assets or liabilities and measured at fair value. This is different from the Canadian GAAP treatment for financial instruments as currently applied by the Company; see Note 2(b). Under U.S. GAAP, derivatives which are fair value hedges, together with the financial instrument being hedged, will be marked to market with adjustments reflected in income and derivatives which are cash flow hedges will be marked to market with adjustments reflected in comprehensive income (see (h)).
(g) Income taxes
In order to view elements of this site, you need to activate JavaScript and have Adobe Flash Player installed on your computer.
You can download the latest Flash Player for free from Adobe's website.
The Company's income tax expense (recovery), for U.S. GAAP purposes, differs from that calculated by applying statutory rates for the following reasons:
In order to view elements of this site, you need to activate JavaScript and have Adobe Flash Player installed on your computer.
You can download the latest Flash Player for free from Adobe's website.
As referred to in Note 1(b), the Company must make significant estimates in respect of the composition of its deferred income tax asset and deferred income tax liability. The operations of the Company are complex, and related tax interpretations, regulations and legislation are continually changing. As a result, there are usually some tax matters in question. Temporary differences comprising the deferred income tax asset (liability) are estimated as follows:
In order to view elements of this site, you need to activate JavaScript and have Adobe Flash Player installed on your computer.
You can download the latest Flash Player for free from Adobe's website.
(h) Additional disclosures required under U.S. GAAP – Comprehensive income
U.S. GAAP requires that a statement of comprehensive income be displayed with the same prominence as other financial statements. Comprehensive income, which incorporates net income, includes all changes in equity during a period except those resulting from investments by and distributions to owners. There is no requirement to disclose comprehensive income under Canadian GAAP prior to fiscal periods beginning on or after January 1, 2007.
In order to view elements of this site, you need to activate JavaScript and have Adobe Flash Player installed on your computer.
You can download the latest Flash Player for free from Adobe's website.
The closing accumulated other comprehensive income amounts in respect of components of net periodic benefit costs not yet recognized, and the amounts expected to be recognized in fiscal 2007, are as follows:
In order to view elements of this site, you need to activate JavaScript and have Adobe Flash Player installed on your computer.
You can download the latest Flash Player for free from Adobe's website.
(i) Recently issued accounting standards not yet implemented
Uncertain income tax positions: Under U.S. GAAP, effective for its 2007 fiscal year, the Company is expected to be required to comply with accounting for uncertain income tax positions, as prescribed by Financial Accounting Standards Board Financial Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes. The Company has assessed the cumulative impact of adopting this new standard as of January 1, 2007. Based upon this review, the Company does not expect the adoption of this Interpretation will have a material impact on its Consolidated financial statements.
Single definition of fair value: Under U.S. GAAP, effective for its 2008 fiscal year, the Company is expected to be required to comply with a unified approach to fair value measurement of assets and liabilities, as prescribed by Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 157, Fair Value Measurements. The Company is assessing the provisions of this statement.
Other: As would affect the Company, there are no other U.S. accounting standards currently issued and not yet implemented that would differ from Canadian accounting standards currently issued and not yet implemented.